Pantropic canine coronavirus induces canine M1 macrophage polarization in vitro

Emerging coronavirus infections are a major threat to global public health. In this respect, novel recombination of canine (CCoV) and feline (FCoV) was described among human biological samples, giving rise potential zoonosis. Despite all efforts, the host‒virus immune response related CCoV is missing. study, pantropic infection macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes performed. After infection, were first polarized M1 and/or M2 phenotype. Moreover, kinetics, cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with reactive oxygen species oxide nitric production measured. Our results demonstrated that virus mainly host classically activated (M1) phenotype, as by amoeboid morphology numerous fibrillary cytoplasmic processes followed classical phenotypes. Viral released new particles at 18 h post-infection decrease in viable cells. Furthermore, upon cells exhibited reduced phagocytosis properties, evidenced neutral red uptake assay. This vitro method open an avenue for further studies on host-virus interaction.